England
Located in British Isles
See also Wikipedia, FamilySearch
England is divided into 83 administrative counties and 48 ceremonial counties. Since the administrative divisions are more fluid, and generally are subdivisions of ceremonial counties, we'll use the latter here. Note, however, that some of these ceremonial counties still have fairly modern boundaries due to reforms in 1974 and 1997.
Wikipedia provides a list of major cities by historical population.